Anti-Semitism is on the rise in America.
Almost half of American Jews ages 18 to 29 report that they’ve experienced some form of anti-Semitism in the past five years. The Anti-Defamation League recorded 1,879 anti-Semitic attacks in 2018 — 48% more than in 2016, and 99% more than in 2015 — “with a dramatic increase in physical assaults,” and found 4.2 million anti-Semitic tweets shared on Twitter in a 12-month period.
The FBI reports that 57% of religiously motivated hate crimes targeted Jews, and that those attacks have become more violent; attacks on ultra-Orthodox Jews, whose dress and appearance marks them as more visibly Jewish than many others of us, are particularly pronounced now. In just the past two weeks, we’ve seen a deadly shooting at a kosher market in New Jersey and the vandalism of a major Persian synagogue in Los Angeles.
These statistics and incidents stand in sharp relief as we approach Hanukkah, the holiday most tied, in some ways, to our visible presence as Jews. And they open some questions about what this might mean for us now, on the cusp of 2020.
Part of the extra visibility around Hanukkah is culture-driven: As America drenches itself in Christmas carols and decks itself in red and green, those of us not participating may feel even more conspicuous or more invisible than usual. Of course, we share this feeling with all our non-Christian brethren — Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains and everyone else. But with Christmas falling in the middle of Hanukkah, some of us may go out of our way to represent with ugly dreidel sweaters or home decorations.
But there’s another kind of visibility, as well — one that roots itself in the space of religious commandment.
In commemoration of the Maccabees’ victory against an evil ruler who sought to destroy the Jewish people, and of their subsequent reclaiming and rededication of the Temple, the rabbis of the Talmud instituted the practice of kindling the Hanukkah lamp, which we now commonly refer to as the Hanukkah menorah. They said the lamp must be placed where it can be seen from the outside, to “publicize the miracle” of Jewish survival at a time when all could have been lost. This placing of the Hanukkah menorah somewhere visible — in an open doorway or in the window — is considered a crucial part of the mitzvah, the divine commandment, of lighting flames each night.
There is, however, an exception, the Talmud tells us: We refrain from publicizing the miracle in times of danger.
Safety is the most important thing. We’re not required to invite peril into our homes.
How do we know when a “time of danger” is upon us? Is the rise in hate crimes enough? How many Soros conspiracy theories are enough? How many times will Jews need to be attacked on the streets of Brooklyn, or gunned down in synagogue, for it to be considered a perilous time? Is it enough that a viral video recently circulated of Pastor Rick Wiles saying, “That’s the way the Jews work. They are deceivers. They plot, they lie, they do whatever they have to do to accomplish their political agenda. This impeach Trump movement is a Jew Coup!”? This is, of course, nothing short of incitement.
A full 25% of respondents to a recent American Jewish Committee poll say that they avoid certain places, events or situations because of fear of being attacked for being Jews, and 31% said they avoided “wearing or displaying things” that would identify them as Jewish. They are trying not to publicize, to proclaim, to make themselves a target.
Jews who are scared have a right to be. The harm we have suffered these past few years is real. The danger to us today and tomorrow is real.
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And yet. Maybe we still need all the light we can get.
Traditional commentators are fairly clear: We should understand “times of danger” to refer to times when non-Jews running the countries in which we live have outlawed the lighting of the Hanukkah menorah; when the practice of Judaism is illegal — or worse. I think of the indelible image of the menorah in the window with the Nazi flag flying across the street; the photo was taken in Kiel, Germany, in 1932, just before the elections that would bring Hitler to power.
When we can, when we are allowed to, we need to show up and shine bright.
Are American Jews able to bring such light? Even now? Might we be able to put our lamps, both literal and proverbial, out where everyone can see them, to offer out the light we have and to receive the radiance that others might be able to offer us?
Doing so makes us vulnerable. But it is also a clarion call: We are here. And it is an invitation to others to find us, and to stand with and for us.
When we blaze brightly and bravely in the world, we publicize the miracle that has happened and fight to bring one yet to come — we say that those who seek to destroy us will ultimately be defeated. We show that we can stand together against hate with everyone feeling afraid now. We help warm a world when it might be feeling cold.
We must all shine out, together, big and bright.
The Washington Post
Danya Ruttenberg, a rabbi, is the author of “Surprised by God,” “Nurture the Wow” and other books.
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